This is a re-post from
May 2009. I have reviewed hundreds of books on this site, but this was one of
the more gripping accounts of any of the historical events of which I have
read. The image of the lone Parish priest; Bill Roach; with a cigarette dangling from his lips, will stay
etched in my mind forever. He heads down to the disaster area when everyone else is leaving; never to be seen again. And he saw it all coming beforehand. He is as firmly entrenched in my imagination as any fictional
character ever could be.
The more things change the more they remain the same, or
so they say. Reading this book gives you a good idea of what that means.
In 1947 America had just won the Second World War and was
at the apex of its power. The Cold War was just beginning to emerge and
Industry was King. No place was this more true than in Texas City, Texas- a
conglomerate of chemical manufacturers and oil companies. Monsanto Chemicals,
Republic Oil and Humble Oil were the chief employers and no one was going to
rock this boat. Jobs, lives, industry and even the old reliable standby of
“National Security” were not going to let anything stand in the way of profits.
The town was divided into sections denoting class and
profession. Dockside the workers were in the chemical plants and refineries,
along with the Longshoreman. Further inland and in neighborhoods with sewer and
water were the elite of management. The division was soon to be erased by
tragedy.
On April 6th, 1947 Father Bill Roach, a Catholic Priest,
was sitting with his brother John, also a Priest, when he remarked that “Blood
will flow in the streets of Texas City- and soon.” Father Bill had been
something of an oddity around the dock area- very unusual fellow this Priest.
He was more concerned with the Social ills that confronted the city than with
merely saving souls. He had, along with the towns $1 a year mayor, Curtis
Trahan, approached the corporations and hatched the idea of incorporating the
areas outside the town limits in an effort to tax the huge profits of the chemical
companies and oil refineries. They were met with stiff opposition at every
turn.
All that changed on the morning of April 16, 1947. A
French steamer, the Grandchamps, had been loading 100 pound bags of ammonium
nitrate the day before and was just completing that task when a longshoreman
noticed smoke coming from in between the bags in the hold. In an effort to
salvage the cargo the French Captain ordered the hatches closed and the space
flooded with CO2 to smother the fire. Water would have ruined the cargo. Over
the next 90 minutes the pressure built and built- the ship was actually bulging
and breathing at the seams, like a live monster about to explode- and she did,
at 9:12 AM just 9 days after Father Bills’ vision of “blood…in the streets of Texas
City.”
The explosion shattered windows over 150 miles away. In
ports like Houston, which did not allow Ammonium Nitrate to be handled at its
ports, buildings shook.
What follows is a story of the greed that allowed this to
happen, and the mistakes that were made in preparing for and reacting to the
fire and subsequent explosion. This would be the first time that the United
States was named as a Defendant in a trial for Liability. The litigation lasted
over 9 years and in the end each life lost was deemed worth $1,000. And with
the exception of a few changes life went on.
This is a multi-layered story. At first glance it is the
story of one of the greatest industrial accidents in the history of America;
beyond that there is the story of Father Bill Roach and Mayor Trahan and their
visions for the future. It is also the story of General Wainwright ceding
control graciously to the local leaders rather than standing on Presidential
Orders to the contrary.
Mr. Minutaglio has carefully crafted a vivid and accurate
account of the events and their aftermath. And you can trace the story on
through the years to Union Carbide and Bophal, India; the Great Lakes and
Cleveland Electric Illuminating Company in the 1970’s; the Valdez in Alaska and
Exxon Oil in the 1990’s. The French were right- the more things change- the
more they remain the same.
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